Bowing (ojigi) is the everyday gesture for greeting, thanking and apologizing in Japan, where it usually takes the place of a handshake. Japanese etiquette distinguishes three bows by depth: eshaku at about 15 degrees for casual greetings, keirei at about 30 degrees for business and formal settings, and saikeirei at about 45 degrees for deep gratitude or a serious apology. The bend comes from the waist, with the back straight.
| Japanese name | Ojigi (お辞儀), the Japanese-style greeting |
|---|---|
| Casual bow | Eshaku, about 15 degrees. A light bow for hello, thanks or passing someone |
| Formal bow | Keirei, about 30 degrees. The standard bow in business and formal settings |
| Deepest bow | Saikeirei, about 45 degrees. For deep gratitude or a serious apology |
| Posture | Back straight, feet together, bend from the waist |
| Handshakes | Bowing usually replaces the handshake. Shake hands if the other person offers |
Checked in October 2026 against city.edogawa.tokyo.jp, pref.gifu.lg.jp.
Living abroad made me appreciate just how unique Japanese customs are, especially when I came back to Japan and noticed things that don’t exist elsewhere. Bowing is one such custom. It’s an essential part of Japanese etiquette but can be puzzling to people from other cultures.
Here’s a quick guide on why bowing matters, when to bow, and some tips for doing it right.
Why Bowing Matters in Japan
Bowing in Japan isn’t just a formality; it’s a way of expressing gratitude, respect, or even apology. This small gesture can carry deep meaning.
For those visiting Japan, learning a little about bowing can make interactions smoother and help bridge cultural gaps.
When Japanese people see someone attempting to bow, they often feel that their culture is being respected, which can create a positive connection.
When to Bow in Japan
You don’t have to bow constantly, but there are certain situations where a bow feels natural and respectful. Here are a few key occasions to keep in mind:
- Greeting or Parting: When meeting or saying goodbye to someone, a slight bow shows courtesy. It’s common with friends, shop staff, and even strangers.
- Expressing Gratitude: Bowing when you say “thank you” makes the appreciation more sincere. For example, after a meal or when someone assists you, a simple bow can go a long way.
- Apologizing: Bowing while saying “sorry” adds depth to the apology. The deeper and longer the bow, the more serious the apology.
- Entering or Leaving Formal Spaces: In formal spaces such as offices or temples, a small bow upon entry or exit can show respect for the place and the people around you.
Types of Bows
Japanese people use a few different types of bows depending on the level of formality and purpose. Here’s a quick rundown of the main types:
- Eshaku (15-degree bow): A slight bow for casual greetings, saying hello or thank you. It’s a common, everyday bow.
- Keirei (30-degree bow): A deeper bow, often used in business or formal settings. It’s appropriate when meeting someone for the first time or interacting with a supervisor.
- Saikeirei (45-degree bow): The most respectful bow, used for deep gratitude or serious apologies. It shows deep humility and respect.
Tips for a Natural Bow
To make your bow look more authentic, here are a few small adjustments you can make:
- Keep Your Back Straight: Rather than bending at the neck, bend from the waist for a more natural bow.
- Hand Positioning: Men usually keep their hands at their sides, while women often clasp their hands in front.
- Pause Slightly: Instead of a rushed bow, try holding the position for a moment. This small pause adds sincerity.
Casual vs. Formal Situations
In casual situations, a slight nod or small bow is more than enough. From my experience, Japanese people don’t expect foreigners to bow perfectly. Even a subtle nod can make a good impression. However, in formal settings, paying closer attention to these details will reflect well on you, especially when meeting someone important or attending formal events.
Bowing vs. Handshakes
In Japan, bowing usually replaces the handshake, but international settings may combine the two. When in doubt, follow the other person’s lead. If they extend a hand, you can shake it, or if they bow, a slight bow in return is respectful.
Final Thoughts
Bowing might seem like a small gesture, but in Japan, it can convey a lot of meaning. When you visit, try giving it a go. Bowing can make your interactions feel warmer and more meaningful, and it often leaves a positive impression on those around you. Plus, it’s a way to experience a key part of Japanese culture that truly connects people.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the formal Japanese bow called?
The standard formal bow in Japan is called keirei, a bow of about 30 degrees made from the waist with a straight back. Keirei is often used in business and formal settings, for example when meeting someone for the first time or dealing with a supervisor. The most respectful bow is saikeirei, at about 45 degrees, used for deep gratitude or a serious apology.
How do you bow to say thank you in Japan?
An everyday thank-you bow in Japan is an eshaku, a light bow of about 15 degrees made while saying arigatou gozaimasu (thank you). This bow suits moments such as the end of a meal or when someone has helped you. Bend from the waist with your back straight and hold the bow for a moment. Deep gratitude calls for a deeper bow, up to the 45-degree saikeirei.
Are foreigners expected to bow in Japan?
Foreigners are not expected to bow perfectly in Japan, and a slight nod or a small bow is enough in casual situations. The Japan National Tourism Organization notes that a polite bow works as a greeting in most situations. In formal settings, such as meeting someone important, closer attention to the depth and posture of the bow reflects well on the visitor.
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